O uso não-humano de antimicrobianos é uma prática extensa e pouco
normatizada. Com o aumento da resistência bacteriana a preocupação com o
impacto desse uso sobre a microbiota vem aumentando, e diversas publicações
recentes têm examinado essa questão (1-7). De uma forma geral, os autores
afirmam que esse impacto existe e pode ser muito importante, especialmente em países
nos quais a orientação especializada por agrônomos e outros especialistas é
escassa. A maior preocupação não é com o emprego terapêutico das
antimicrobianos em animais e plantas, mas com o uso de antibióticos de várias
classes como promotores de crescimento. Existem evidências de que germes
multirresistentes, incluindo Salmonella multirresistente,
enterococos resistentes a glicopeptídeos e Campylobacter
resistentes a quinolonas, entre outros microorganismos (8-21), podem ser
encontrados em produtos de origem animal e, talvez, possam estar sendo
transmitidos para os seres humanos. Embora o uso não-humano seja mais difícil
de limitar e racionalizar do que o uso em humanos, a redução do uso pode ser
atingida por políticas de orientação e campanhas nacionais, como recentemente
demonstrado na Noruega. É importante que o profissional de controle de infecção
esteja consciente do problema e participe da discussão e das estratégias para
estimular o uso racional de antimicrobianos também em animais, plantas e
peixes.
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McKellar Q.
Antimicrobial resistance: a veterinary perspective. BMJ 1998;317:610-11.
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resistance among bacteria from food animals in Denmark, 1995-1998. Abstracts of
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13. Marano
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14. Angulo
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E, Bogaard A, London N, Driessen C, Top J, Willems R. Enterococci
with glycopeptide resistance in turkeys, turkey farmers, turkey slaughterers,
and (sub) urban residents in the south of netherlands: evidence for transmission
of vancomycin resistance from animals to humans? Antimicr Agents Chemother 1999;
43: 2215-21.
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20. Sáenz
Y, Zarazaga M, Lantero M, Gastañares J, Baquero F, Torres C. Antibiotic
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21. Grave
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